If gynecomastia stems from a specific cause such as medication or hormonal imbalance, it may resolve by treating the underlying cause. For stable glandular gynecomastia, surgery is the definitive and most effective solution. Non-surgical treatments are generally ineffective at removing firm glandular tissue.

Surgery typically involves liposuction of excess fat and removal of firm glandular tissue through a small incision around the areola, restoring a flat, natural masculine chest. In cases of significant skin laxity, additional skin excision may be required. The procedure is performed under general or local anesthesia.

Complete surgical removal of glandular tissue makes recurrence rare. However, use of anabolic steroids, hormonal medications, or significant weight gain may cause mild recurrence. Avoiding known causative factors is recommended to preserve results.

Walking and light activity are permitted after one to two weeks. Chest and upper body exercises are gradually resumed after four to six weeks with surgeon approval. Wearing a compression vest for 4-6 weeks supports contouring and reduces swelling.

Puffy nipples typically result from a small amount of glandular tissue directly beneath the areola. Correction involves a small incision around the areola to remove the specific glandular tissue, often without liposuction. It is among the simplest gynecomastia presentations with the fastest recovery.